{"id":38,"date":"2011-11-10T13:39:55","date_gmt":"2011-11-10T11:39:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/?page_id=38"},"modified":"2020-09-15T10:23:55","modified_gmt":"2020-09-15T08:23:55","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/research\/","title":{"rendered":"Research"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-38\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-38-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-38-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-38-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child widgetopts-SO\" data-index=\"0\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Introduction<\/h3>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>My research focuses on the ecology and management of diversity and distributions, particularly relating to biological invasions. This wordle image is a word cloud constructed in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wordle.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wordle<\/a> from the titles of my publications and conference presentations since 2005. It neatly summarizes my recent research activity.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-38-0-1\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-38-0-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-image panel-first-child panel-last-child widgetopts-SO\" data-index=\"1\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-image so-widget-sow-image-default-c67d20f9f743-38\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"sow-image-container\">\n\t\t<img \n\tsrc=\"https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2020\/05\/DMR_Wordle_WP.png\" width=\"2200\" height=\"1167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2020\/05\/DMR_Wordle_WP.png 2200w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2020\/05\/DMR_Wordle_WP-300x159.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2020\/05\/DMR_Wordle_WP-1024x543.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2020\/05\/DMR_Wordle_WP-768x407.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2020\/05\/DMR_Wordle_WP-1536x815.png 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2020\/05\/DMR_Wordle_WP-2048x1086.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2200px) 100vw, 2200px\" alt=\"\" \t\tclass=\"so-widget-image\"\/>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-38-1\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-38-1-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-38-1-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-accordion panel-first-child panel-last-child widgetopts-SO\" data-index=\"2\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-accordion so-widget-sow-accordion-default-d395c0c32e2d-38\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Most of my recent research falls into one or more of the categories to follow.<\/h3><div>\n\t<div class=\"sow-accordion\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel\n\t\t\t\t\"\n\t\t\tdata-anchor-id=\"trees-and-shrubs-as-invasive-species-understanding-invasion-dynamics-forging-management-strategies-in-a-changing-world\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-header-container\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-header\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" id=\"accordion-label-trees-and-shrubs-as-invasive-species-understanding-invasion-dynamics-forging-management-strategies-in-a-changing-world\" aria-controls=\"accordion-content-trees-and-shrubs-as-invasive-species-understanding-invasion-dynamics-forging-management-strategies-in-a-changing-world\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-title sow-accordion-title-icon-left\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTrees and shrubs as invasive species - understanding invasion dynamics &amp; forging management strategies in a changing world\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-open-close-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-open-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sow-icon-ionicons\" data-sow-icon=\"&#xf218;\"\n\t\t \n\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-close-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sow-icon-ionicons\" data-sow-icon=\"&#xf209;\"\n\t\t \n\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"sow-accordion-panel-content\"\n\t\t\t\trole=\"region\"\n\t\t\t\taria-labelledby=\"accordion-label-trees-and-shrubs-as-invasive-species-understanding-invasion-dynamics-forging-management-strategies-in-a-changing-world\"\n\t\t\t\tid=\"accordion-content-trees-and-shrubs-as-invasive-species-understanding-invasion-dynamics-forging-management-strategies-in-a-changing-world\"\n\t\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none;\"\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-border\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Woody plants were not widely considered to be important invasive alien species until fairly recently. Thousands of species of trees and shrubs have, however, been moved around the world. Many species have spread from planting sites, and some are now among the most widespread and damaging of invasive organisms [<a href=\"\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1472-4642.2011.00782.x\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">read a recent global review and the 2013 update of the database<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-241\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE1.jpg 3701w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE1-300x156.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE1-768x399.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE1-1024x532.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE1-1568x815.jpg 1568w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>Pines (genus <em>Pinus<\/em>) and other <a href=\"http:\/\/www3.interscience.wiley.com\/journal\/118807550\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">conifers<\/a> have featured prominently in my research on the dynamics of plant invasions. Because of the large number of species in the genus <em>Pinus<\/em> (about 111), the wide range of ecological adaptations in different species, and because many species have been so widely planted in many habitats outside their natural range, studies on <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/preslia\/P064CRic.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pine invasions have been useful for shedding light on many aspects of plant invasion ecology<\/a>. Recent research in my lab on pines as invasive species has focussed on understanding <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111 \/j.1466-8238.2011.00703.x\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">macroecological patterns<\/a>, and providing <a href=\"http:\/\/www.springerlink.com\/content\/l7186266h5210721\/fulltext.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">guidelines for strategic management<\/a> of <a href=\"http:\/\/web.utk.edu\/~mnunez\/conifer_inv_SA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pine invasions in the southern hemisphere<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Australian acacias or \u201cwattles\u201d (1012 recognized species native to Australia, previously grouped in <em>Acacia<\/em> subgenus <em>Phyllodineae<\/em>) are currently a strong focus of my research. Many species have been moved around the world by humans over the past 250 years. This has <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1472-4642.2011.00824.x\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">created the opportunity to explore how evolutionary, ecological, historical and sociological factors interact to affect the distribution, usage, invasiveness and perceptions of a globally important group of plants<\/a>. Recent research on Australian acacias by my group has dealt with:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-248\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE2_withInset.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE2_withInset.jpg 3264w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE2_withInset-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE2_withInset-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE2_withInset-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE2_withInset-1568x1176.jpg 1568w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1472-4642.2011.00783.x\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Human perceptions of introduced species in different parts of the world<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1472-4642.2011.00780.x\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The evolution and phylogenetic placement of invasive species in the group<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1472-4642.2011.00784.x\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Phylogeographic consequences of different introduction histories<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1472-4642.2011.00804.x\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Exploring links between features of native range dimensions and invasiveness<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>A detailed study of the <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1472-4642.2011.00808.x\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reproductive biology of the group<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>Seeking links between invasiveness and: <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1472-4642.2011.00805.x\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">species traits and genome size<\/a>; and <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1472-4642.2011.00778.x\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">native climatic affinities, life history traits and human use<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1472-4642.2011.00816.x\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Examining biophysical impacts of invasive acacias and the development of a framework for improved restoration practices<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>Evaluation of global efforts to manage invasions of Australian acacias to develop <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1472-4642.2011.00815.x\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">guidelines for best-practice interventions<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>Detailed studies on selected emerging invaders <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0254629909002087\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">to assess the feasibility of eradication and the development of management plans<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>The <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1472-4642.2011.00785.x\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">formulation of a national strategy for managing invasive Australian acacias in South Africa<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Other work on particular invasive tree species or genera has dealt with the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sun.ac.za\/cib\/news\/20110228_invasions_cc_and_mgmt.htm\">invasion ecology of Brazilian peppertree (<em>Schinus molle<\/em>)<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2020\/06\/Rejmanek_-Richardson_2011_Eucalypts.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the ecology of <em>Eucalyptus<\/em> trees as introduced species around the world<\/a>. My group is currently also working on aspects of <em>Casuarina<\/em>, <em>Lantana camara<\/em> and <em>Prosopis<\/em> invasions in South Africa.<\/p>\n<p>South Africa\u2019s fynbos biome has been severely invaded by non-native tree species. The management of invasive trees is one of the most taxing challenges facing conservation managers in this region. Substantial research effort has been and will continue to be devoted to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sun.ac.za\/cib\/news\/20100503_complex_mngmt_invasive_fynbos.htm\">exploring the complexity inherent in managing invasive woody plants in the fynbos<\/a>. This work involves a range of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.springerlink.com\/content\/e342l4008p462563\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">modelling approaches<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.springerlink.com\/content\/xl8337t243677213\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scenario planning<\/a>, and other methods aimed at providing guidelines for more effective management.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel\n\t\t\t\t\"\n\t\t\tdata-anchor-id=\"mutualisms-key-drivers-of-invasions-key-casualties-of-invasions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-header-container\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-header\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" id=\"accordion-label-mutualisms-key-drivers-of-invasions-key-casualties-of-invasions\" aria-controls=\"accordion-content-mutualisms-key-drivers-of-invasions-key-casualties-of-invasions\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-title sow-accordion-title-icon-left\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMutualisms - key drivers of invasions.... key casualties of invasions\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-open-close-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-open-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sow-icon-ionicons\" data-sow-icon=\"&#xf218;\"\n\t\t \n\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-close-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sow-icon-ionicons\" data-sow-icon=\"&#xf209;\"\n\t\t \n\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"sow-accordion-panel-content\"\n\t\t\t\trole=\"region\"\n\t\t\t\taria-labelledby=\"accordion-label-mutualisms-key-drivers-of-invasions-key-casualties-of-invasions\"\n\t\t\t\tid=\"accordion-content-mutualisms-key-drivers-of-invasions-key-casualties-of-invasions\"\n\t\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none;\"\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-border\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-244\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"448\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE3.jpg 448w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE3-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\" \/>Seed dispersal and pollination by animal agents and relationships between plants and micro organisms in the soil often determine whether a species will invade and\/or the extent to which it will spread in a new environment. Many non-native plant species become invasive by infiltrating pollination or <a href=\"http:\/\/www3.interscience.wiley.com\/journal\/118509735\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">seed dispersal<\/a> networks. Biological invasions also have a profound effect on naturally occurring mutualisms. Some such impacts are widely known, but the mechanisms that produce such impacts are poorly understood. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6VJ1-4J6WNX5-1&amp;_user=613892&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_fmt=&amp;_orig=search&amp;_sort=d&amp;view=c&amp;_acct=C000032099&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=613892&amp;md5=8c45cc3120c18ee2bd382f6e0fb29bab\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Many types of invasive species have huge potential to alter evolutionary trajectories by causing many types of changes to prevailing mutualisms<\/a>. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imedea.uib.es\/bc\/ecol_terr\/all pdfs\/2011_Traveset_Richardson_Chap12_Elton.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">This introduces a new layer of complexity to programmes aiming to reduce or mitigate the effects of biological invasions<\/a>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel\n\t\t\t\t\"\n\t\t\tdata-anchor-id=\"plant-invasions-in-riparian-zones-managing-biodiversity-in-critical-transition-zones\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-header-container\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-header\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" id=\"accordion-label-plant-invasions-in-riparian-zones-managing-biodiversity-in-critical-transition-zones\" aria-controls=\"accordion-content-plant-invasions-in-riparian-zones-managing-biodiversity-in-critical-transition-zones\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-title sow-accordion-title-icon-left\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPlant invasions in riparian zones - managing biodiversity in critical transition zones\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-open-close-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-open-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sow-icon-ionicons\" data-sow-icon=\"&#xf218;\"\n\t\t \n\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-close-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sow-icon-ionicons\" data-sow-icon=\"&#xf209;\"\n\t\t \n\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"sow-accordion-panel-content\"\n\t\t\t\trole=\"region\"\n\t\t\t\taria-labelledby=\"accordion-label-plant-invasions-in-riparian-zones-managing-biodiversity-in-critical-transition-zones\"\n\t\t\t\tid=\"accordion-content-plant-invasions-in-riparian-zones-managing-biodiversity-in-critical-transition-zones\"\n\t\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none;\"\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-border\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Riparian zones - the fringes of rivers or streams - throughout the world have been heavily affected by invasive alien plants. <a href=\"http:\/\/www3.interscience.wiley.com\/journal\/118507144\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sometimes invasions are a symptom of degradation caused by other factors, but plant invasions are very often the primary driver of degradation of riparian zones<\/a>. <a href=\"http:\/\/eprints.ru.ac.za\/893\/1\/saskia.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">This is the case in many parts of South Africa<\/a>. Much recent work in my lab has dealt with the dynamics of riparian ecosystems in South Africa, in particular:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-245\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE4.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE4-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE4-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE4-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE4-1568x1176.jpg 1568w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www3.interscience.wiley.com\/journal\/118507144\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Factors affecting the susceptibility of these ecosystems to invasion by alien plant species<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>Elements of resilience that determine how invasions impact on the structure and functioning of such systems;<\/li>\n<li>The capacity of riparian communities to recover following management intervention and the options for restoration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The main aim of my work in this field is to contribute to <a href=\"http:\/\/eprints.ru.ac.za\/893\/1\/saskia.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">frameworks for improved management of invaded riparian ecosystems<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0006320709004212\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Eerste River which flows through Stellenbosch is the primary study site for work on this topic. A permanent transect along the entire length of the river (40km) was established for long-term research<\/a>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel\n\t\t\t\t\"\n\t\t\tdata-anchor-id=\"invasion-ecology-firming-up-the-game-rules\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-header-container\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-header\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" id=\"accordion-label-invasion-ecology-firming-up-the-game-rules\" aria-controls=\"accordion-content-invasion-ecology-firming-up-the-game-rules\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-title sow-accordion-title-icon-left\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tInvasion ecology - firming up the game rules\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-open-close-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-open-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sow-icon-ionicons\" data-sow-icon=\"&#xf218;\"\n\t\t \n\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-close-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sow-icon-ionicons\" data-sow-icon=\"&#xf209;\"\n\t\t \n\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"sow-accordion-panel-content\"\n\t\t\t\trole=\"region\"\n\t\t\t\taria-labelledby=\"accordion-label-invasion-ecology-firming-up-the-game-rules\"\n\t\t\t\tid=\"accordion-content-invasion-ecology-firming-up-the-game-rules\"\n\t\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none;\"\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-border\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Invasion ecology is the study of the human-mediated introductions of organisms, especially to areas well outside their potential range as defined by their natural dispersal mechanisms and biogeographic barriers. The field covers all aspects relating to the introduction of organisms, their capacity to naturalize and invade in the target region, their interactions with resident biota and, increasingly, the consideration of costs and benefits of their presence and abundance with reference to human value systems. Interest in biological invasions has grown exponentially in the past two decades. I have a special interest in contributing to the development of clear and objective concepts in invasion ecology, particularly relating to plant invasions. Contributions in this area in recent years have included the following:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-246\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE5.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE5-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE5-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/IMAGE5-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc\">\n<li>Development of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/personal\/pysek\/pdf\/Terminology_Taxon2004.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a lexicon and associated concepts for categorizing introduced plants<\/a>; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/personal\/pysek\/pdf\/Richardson,_Pysek,_Carlton-Concepts_In_Elton_book_Wiley2011.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">this was recently expanded to include concepts for all taxa and types of ecosystems<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www3.interscience.wiley.com\/journal\/118668103\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Conceptualization of the role of long-distance dispersal in biodiversity conservation and biological invasions<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/personal\/pysek\/pdf\/Pysek, Richardson, Jarosik-Citation analysis_Preslia2006.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">What\u2019s hot in invasion ecology \u2014 an evaluation of insights from the most-highly cited papers in the field<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/personal\/pysek\/pdf\/Richardson,%20Pysek-Invasiveness%20and%20invasibility_ProgrPhysGeogr2006.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Contributing to the conceptual unification of plant invasion ecology through the merging the concepts of species invasiveness and community invasibility<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>Assessing progress in invasion ecology since the publication of Charles Elton\u2019s 1958 book <em>The ecology of invasions by animals and plants<\/em>: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/personal\/pysek\/pdf\/Richardson, Pysek-Elton review_ProgrPhysGeogr2007.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a 50-year-on review of Elton\u2019s book<\/a>; a <a href=\"http:\/\/www3.interscience.wiley.com\/journal\/119418042\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">detailed assessment of the book\u2019s influence on the field<\/a>; an <a href=\"http:\/\/eu.wiley.com\/WileyCDA\/WileyTitle\/productCd-1444335863.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">edited book with contributions from &gt;50 prominent researchers on progress in the field since Elton<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/personal\/pysek\/pdf\/Pysek, Richardson, Pergl, Jarosik, Sixtova, Weber_Geographical and taxonomic biases_TREE2008.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Identifying geographical and taxonomical biases in invasion ecology<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0169534709000202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Conceptualization of global dispersal pathways and their role in invasion success<\/a>; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0169534711000930\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A proposed unified framework for biological invasions.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel\n\t\t\t\t\"\n\t\t\tdata-anchor-id=\"practical-biogeography-approaches-for-sustainable-conservation-in-the-anthropocene\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-header-container\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-header\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" id=\"accordion-label-practical-biogeography-approaches-for-sustainable-conservation-in-the-anthropocene\" aria-controls=\"accordion-content-practical-biogeography-approaches-for-sustainable-conservation-in-the-anthropocene\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-title sow-accordion-title-icon-left\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPractical biogeography: approaches for sustainable conservation in the Anthropocene\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-open-close-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-open-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sow-icon-ionicons\" data-sow-icon=\"&#xf218;\"\n\t\t \n\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-close-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sow-icon-ionicons\" data-sow-icon=\"&#xf209;\"\n\t\t \n\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"sow-accordion-panel-content\"\n\t\t\t\trole=\"region\"\n\t\t\t\taria-labelledby=\"accordion-label-practical-biogeography-approaches-for-sustainable-conservation-in-the-anthropocene\"\n\t\t\t\tid=\"accordion-content-practical-biogeography-approaches-for-sustainable-conservation-in-the-anthropocene\"\n\t\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none;\"\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-border\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>The increasing human domination of the world is forcing us to revisit key tenets of paradigms relating to conservation of biodiversity. Biological invasions are interacting with numerous other human-mediated drivers to bring about radical changes to ecosystems worldwide. Such changes provide numerous challenges for conservationists and resource managers.<\/p>\n<p>I am very interested in contributing to the development of novel approaches for sustainable ecosystem management in our rapidly changing world. To this end, I have been involved in the following initiatives:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-247\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/Image6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/Image6.jpg 3872w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/Image6-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/Image6-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/Image6-1024x685.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/files\/2019\/06\/Image6-1568x1050.jpg 1568w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc\">\n<li>Defining concepts and evaluating management implications of the notion of \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/ddr.nal.usda.gov\/bitstream\/10113\/143\/1\/IND43920256.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">novel ecosystems<\/a>\u201d \u2014 those that contain new combinations of species that arise through human action, environmental change, and the impacts of introduced organisms;<\/li>\n<li>Developing pragmatic and sustainable protocols for restoration of ecosystems degraded by invasive species. My recent focus has been on <a href=\"http:\/\/www.springerlink.com\/content\/3u627006272047w2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fynbos<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0254629908001749\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">riparian<\/a> ecosystems in South Africa;<\/li>\n<li>Developing an objective approach to identify situations when the deliberate movement of species to new localities can be justified to enhance their chances of survival (\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sun.ac.za\/cib\/news\/news_to_move_or_not_to_move.htm\">Managed relocation<\/a>\u201d or \u201cassisted migration\u201d);<\/li>\n<li>Identifying emerging pathways for biological invasions to allow for proactive intervention to reduce future impacts. The use of non-native plant species for biofuels has the potential to produce a new wave of invasions. Work in this area has involved assessing the potential impacts of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sajs.co.za\/index.php\/SAJS\/article\/view\/186\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">South Africa\u2019s Biofuels Industrial Strategy<\/a>, and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S187734351000134X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">drawing lessons from the experience of commercial forestry<\/a> to reduce risks of invasions from new plantings.<\/li>\n<li>Contributing to the formulation of a robust research agenda for <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1472-4642.2010.00660.x\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">conservation biogeography<\/a> to include the consideration of biological invasions and many other factors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>My research focuses on the ecology and management of diversity and distributions, particularly relating to biological invasions. This wordle image is a word cloud constructed in Wordle from the titles of my publications and conference presentations since 2005. It neatly summarizes my recent research activity. &nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":237,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-38","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","post"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/237"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38"}],"version-history":[{"count":60,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":547,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38\/revisions\/547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sun.ac.za\/daverichardson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}