%PDF-1.3 1 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Outlines 2 0 R /Pages 3 0 R >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Outlines /Count 0 >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Kids [6 0 R 27 0 R ] /Count 2 /Resources << /ProcSet 4 0 R /Font << /F1 8 0 R /F2 9 0 R /F3 10 0 R /F4 11 0 R >> /XObject << /I1 26 0 R >> >> /MediaBox [0.000 0.000 612.000 792.000] >> endobj 4 0 obj [/PDF /Text /ImageC ] endobj 5 0 obj << /Creator (DOMPDF) /CreationDate (D:20250719055051+00'00') /ModDate (D:20250719055051+00'00') /Title (Report 07-2025) >> endobj 6 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 3 0 R /Annots [ 12 0 R 14 0 R 16 0 R 18 0 R 20 0 R 22 0 R 24 0 R ] /Contents 7 0 R >> endobj 7 0 obj << /Length 6642 >> stream 0.702 0.800 0.816 rg 34.016 34.016 543.969 723.969 re f 1.000 1.000 1.000 rg 45.266 78.290 521.469 668.444 re f 0.773 0.773 0.773 rg 0.773 0.773 0.773 RG 45.266 746.734 m 566.734 746.734 l 565.984 745.984 l 46.016 745.984 l f 566.734 746.734 m 566.734 78.290 l 565.984 78.290 l 565.984 745.984 l f 45.266 746.734 m 45.266 78.290 l 46.016 78.290 l 46.016 745.984 l f 0.200 0.200 0.200 rg BT 61.016 693.716 Td /F1 14.4 Tf [(DOWNLOADING OF FILMS AND SERIES CAN BE TRACED AND FINED)] TJ ET 0.400 0.400 0.400 rg BT 61.016 664.909 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(Posted on )] TJ ET BT 104.045 664.909 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(January 01,1970)] TJ ET BT 173.588 664.909 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [( by )] TJ ET BT 188.096 664.909 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(IT Communications)] TJ ET 0.153 0.153 0.153 rg BT 61.016 637.420 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(With a fast internet connection and unlimited, "free" internet, it's )] TJ ET BT 61.016 626.431 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(possible to download movies and series to your heart's content. )] TJ ET BT 61.016 615.442 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(Unless you use a pay streaming platform it's also illegal. )] TJ ET BT 61.016 604.453 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(Additionally, if you use the university's network and/or devices it's )] TJ ET BT 61.016 593.464 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(also a breach of the university's )] TJ ET 0.373 0.169 0.255 rg BT 189.293 593.464 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(Electronic Communications Policy)] TJ ET 0.373 0.169 0.255 RG 0.18 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 189.293 592.313 m 324.824 592.313 l S 0.153 0.153 0.153 rg BT 61.016 582.475 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(- a policy all students and staff agree to when they annually )] TJ ET BT 61.016 571.486 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(activate their network access. Therefore your network access can )] TJ ET BT 61.016 560.497 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(be revoked if you are caught downloading and hosting illegal )] TJ ET BT 61.016 549.508 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(content.)] TJ ET BT 61.016 529.519 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(Up to a few years back television networks and film companies )] TJ ET BT 61.016 518.530 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(weren't geared to trace and stop downloading and distribution of )] TJ ET BT 61.016 507.541 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(illegal movies. It was just too difficult and not cost-effective. This )] TJ ET BT 61.016 496.552 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(is no longer the case - even in South Africa. Everything you do )] TJ ET BT 61.016 485.563 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(online can be tracked and traced.)] TJ ET BT 61.016 465.574 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(Information Technology receive regular notifications from companies such as Warner Bros. and Columbia Pictures )] TJ ET BT 61.016 454.585 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(indicating that illegal, copyrighted material is being downloaded and seeded \(distributed\) from IP addresses within the )] TJ ET BT 61.016 443.596 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(university's network. These emails include the specific IP address which we can trace to the user, the material )] TJ ET BT 61.016 432.607 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(downloaded and distributed and at which times. When we receive these notifications, we immediately send an email to the )] TJ ET BT 61.016 421.618 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(user of the address with a written warning. If they do not comply, these companies will take legal action.)] TJ ET BT 61.016 401.629 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(The distribution or seeding of copyrighted material without a licence is both a criminal and civil offence in South Africa, )] TJ ET BT 61.016 390.640 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(even if distribution takes place from)] TJ ET 0.373 0.169 0.255 rg BT 204.575 390.640 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(BitTorrent)] TJ ET 0.18 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 204.575 389.489 m 244.085 389.489 l S 0.153 0.153 0.153 rg BT 244.085 390.640 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(. Just because it's available via a torrent, it doesn't mean it's legal.)] TJ ET BT 61.016 370.651 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(In South Africa, under the Copyright Law of 1978, you can be sentenced for up to 5 years in prison and a fine of up to )] TJ ET BT 61.016 359.662 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(R10,000 for each item you distribute.Between 2010 and 2012, 200,000 people have been sued for uploading and )] TJ ET BT 61.016 348.673 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(downloading copyright material viaBitTorrent.)] TJ ET BT 61.016 328.684 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(So before you download the latest episode of your favourite series or stream movies from an illegal file sharing site, )] TJ ET BT 61.016 317.695 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(consider the consequences. There are many legal options to watch media online, from )] TJ ET 0.373 0.169 0.255 rg BT 407.174 317.695 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(Netflix)] TJ ET 0.18 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 407.174 316.544 m 434.678 316.544 l S 0.153 0.153 0.153 rg BT 434.678 317.695 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(to Showmax, so rather be )] TJ ET BT 61.016 306.706 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(safe and legal.)] TJ ET BT 61.016 286.717 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(MORE INFORMATION:)] TJ ET 0.373 0.169 0.255 rg BT 61.016 266.728 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(How does BitTorrent and seeding work?)] TJ ET 0.18 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 61.016 265.577 m 221.081 265.577 l S BT 61.016 246.739 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent)] TJ ET 0.18 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 61.016 245.588 m 208.067 245.588 l S 0.153 0.153 0.153 rg BT 208.067 246.739 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [()] TJ ET 0.373 0.169 0.255 rg BT 61.016 226.750 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(http://www.bittorrent.com/help/guides/beginners-guide)] TJ ET 0.18 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 61.016 225.599 m 276.107 225.599 l S 0.153 0.153 0.153 rg BT 61.016 206.761 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [()] TJ ET 0.592 0.592 0.592 rg 0.592 0.592 0.592 RG 305.016 197.063 m 306.516 197.063 l 305.766 196.313 l 305.766 196.313 l f 1.000 1.000 1.000 rg 1.000 1.000 1.000 RG 305.016 194.813 m 306.516 194.813 l 305.766 195.563 l 305.766 195.563 l f 306.516 197.063 m 306.516 194.813 l 305.766 195.563 l 305.766 196.313 l f 0.592 0.592 0.592 rg 0.592 0.592 0.592 RG 305.016 197.063 m 305.016 194.813 l 305.766 195.563 l 305.766 196.313 l f 0.153 0.153 0.153 rg BT 61.016 177.022 Td /F1 9.0 Tf [(Example of a warning letter:)] TJ ET BT 61.016 157.033 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(We are writing this letter on behalf of Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. \("Rights Holder"\) who own certain rights under )] TJ ET BT 61.016 146.044 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(copyright law in the title White House Down.)] TJ ET BT 61.016 124.255 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(You are receiving this notice because your Internet account was identified as having been used recently to copy and/or )] TJ ET BT 61.016 113.266 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(distribute illegally the copyrighted motion pictures and/or television shows listed at the bottom of this notice. This notice )] TJ ET BT 61.016 102.277 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(provides you with the information you need in order to take immediate action that can prevent serious legal and other )] TJ ET q 225.000 0 0 150.000 325.984 496.211 cm /I1 Do Q endstream endobj 8 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F1 /BaseFont /Helvetica-Bold /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >> endobj 9 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F2 /BaseFont /Helvetica-Oblique /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >> endobj 10 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F3 /BaseFont /Helvetica-BoldOblique /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >> endobj 11 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F4 /BaseFont /Helvetica /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >> endobj 12 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /A 13 0 R /Border [0 0 0] /H /I /Rect [ 189.2927 592.6312 324.8237 601.7887 ] >> endobj 13 0 obj << /Type /Action /S /URI /URI (http://stbweb01.stb.sun.ac.za/university/Policies/ecp/ecp_december_eng.pdf) >> endobj 14 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /A 15 0 R /Border [0 0 0] /H /I /Rect [ 204.5747 389.8072 244.0847 398.9647 ] >> endobj 15 0 obj << /Type /Action /S /URI /URI (http://mybroadband.co.za/vb/showthread.php/359832-BitTorrent) >> endobj 16 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /A 17 0 R /Border [0 0 0] /H /I /Rect [ 407.1737 316.8622 434.6777 326.0197 ] >> endobj 17 0 obj << /Type /Action /S /URI /URI (http://www.netflixsouthafrica.co.za/) >> endobj 18 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /A 19 0 R /Border [0 0 0] /H /I /Rect [ 61.0157 265.8952 221.0807 275.0527 ] >> endobj 19 0 obj << /Type /Action /S /URI /URI (http://computer.howstuffworks.com/bittorrent1.htm) >> endobj 20 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /A 21 0 R /Border [0 0 0] /H /I /Rect [ 61.0157 255.3724 61.0157 264.5299 ] >> endobj 21 0 obj << /Type /Action /S /URI /URI (http://computer.howstuffworks.com/bittorrent1.htm) >> endobj 22 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /A 23 0 R /Border [0 0 0] /H /I /Rect [ 61.0157 245.9062 208.0667 255.0637 ] >> endobj 23 0 obj << /Type /Action /S /URI /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent) >> endobj 24 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /A 25 0 R /Border [0 0 0] /H /I /Rect [ 61.0157 225.9172 276.1067 235.0747 ] >> endobj 25 0 obj << /Type /Action /S /URI /URI (http://www.bittorrent.com/help/guides/beginners-guide) >> endobj 26 0 obj << /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Width 300 /Height 200 /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB /Filter /DCTDecode /BitsPerComponent 8 /Length 17016>> stream JFIF,,ExifMM*C    !'"#%%%),($+!$%$C   $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,"I !1"AQa2q#Bb$3Rr4C%DS&6dsu4 !1AQa"2q#B3Rb ?R("("("("("("("("("("("("("("("("("("("("("("("("("+tH'HDx;R dMnDCQuD6~~g&t?q>Kpu>5(DzfܡjVvZ)oIN骉mO[!-$f`xԑԡcFqT+ Q.;shLt;~°u sV!'C{?Kb$'s:i c6i[Q-[ ZrGdL59?L~Pm:}w h PԜPU^g:7[[CEa_yN3OZH[JQ@~W;ZҤF~GisI7h+%--S"u'vqvkKSZpg95ecH?q:䤞>G6O =.ki-r9JऑTJDYb((((((((((((∶E Ǝڜy! *'Sm. |냠l+ w~w+Q- n_?VzaQ,귶c%:R|9WbYjH }۴-8 {&×5'>L})SpwnD)d̕vd 5A9"J!>'Sl' BJ[N2jlC3?Oec6g=r ފJcB= -MNaĶh p  cuHCH#**"v٠cqÞ*Qi!,^Wɋmk`6xum%2]t6F̝=g/>wt ”F8=2 Ai9H_w0bsi4i V;5;U::S2v.< >:=~7Q-IIf!ܖ )[eXGTgG[`[2C,\#o<)RP)\.KQ%3&:(_ $A'0xdu];6JtrG#:;4 RUyfOh2*q}wj)rSQoIS{W) pIvdC;yP>sbV{e$wTORsM67 ZjM֝eȒJЌ9ZNŅ ZHNf20m9Ϯ~UwY>TB}p_ɍk d(st5\H\) @(d]ۂۃiIup+!Ex?PBqJHGB3xKjaSu_̓!<3n/絹.;e pi9o=Mcpvkʻqa؊  -K\ڦmaT#;ˊvNdҰYt6%=+P]c z┫jߺ?zfPR҄Ji*:u5[ Pbvy vE{KoFhPECR7 wTͰL7#*?4` <#^V׹H YI,x)EZ&;){})vYx_GS;C']\8Na( c'?zRU{\bQey¶D`պ̖c`*ExHJFyJzpJ 3]nL "0J˯<+ Rrp:k'Y%HxIi}jFcZf ms?CMBG=y!n]`%&)<_Zt>OKSi@Q’qӭSLZ梕#KŀV+߮ZwSev%)e x(AinPZg@;/UmJ=Bzֶ=2PIZ=>զ^v[ix8{IZs<6\4(IQsc=G6MY:R0yyr)_{8dYAZ=DE=%TIbBW==kY#MYpC 0kkY .Jwq*#w5p2Fy(6Tv} sP6Udw֭}?v8WЃ:XMJSlm%8\THϝtb?ȸˇq Zpr<gTؙ䑈ιkMҔjIoq4RKr-ũ)i@V=v.Zi9mSZ ?@jcgȅzecInѦZEҙp)Ŵzl>Zբ֋eg(re6%FF[\NFҷ'O ,F垊HovSFy@)Q4v7kq1HyE=@zN2P8<b1ӘLIi %wK@* Q+HCa%;{|>[mZy%rd-HiKjWgwU+zci CJU$j4 YTy!vܧ23̔,N YN1_g~H.0 j:.EBa0-wӷ#>e;$%8#`Lo*-Y]n ܸQc hLU!2VUSyN .˭e+y]d sސR J1A8?nkK>JX@y+Bn0O#$W4us+C7R]7[ڙrY`H%8FDoxjSMHKc5h|+aA3ob28I|eSZjQ _fN׌]oF};mJDR@S'@|z޹0'0Z&^eUYWmjLٲ,*Kr=cUp_ݴm֎;/#-.i1he폐F37o#Z>bØYNYRܣmwQ^[a6ԕغ㎼ Y&}74!q(geJV?Ӄ|Yb5W`%X-pWL.9vQm+U%"~ \5mds {};Qy1VW{.1qݔEEW| 痽O'L{Tr::a+RЖZSu?KK~J!݁ e2}U4UQx7#{B\aNFCl9U^ۭ߳ )Mr;%>#= f qҘ%UĀ֗iL#Fm1!NܰN8NO޵Ӣ *wK\%f"2-D:PRշDžJӌ[\=O8V;pl{)Lj INqBNkW+vN:0ӉH3AiFFۮ7ydFxmZ2Ipn:0'rWtGn7 g6!0`58$zE3OŒRsky`!dq듊󬽬د\ {Rm$>u/xjDPҘ7b0RŽ9\jٶvW#6]T[$-$EknǤ"n K!R#5ٺ sM{em%KZRԓVSqU˨[}̜rtC{RHw|T/fj plv7,(xxV[U/W%5t&OThJ|GPM,8e=Wy'MW1tV!YwX!-qe)rDĨuJFpI(q6.`0K u/CP,= PWPHP Jke*,,Q'ܡ[2j?ή>&3u49aζ\-Q*cV==%lX/1NChLllIiNyej$!%J8 ,!yxN^B ;]6'ʗܑr:jy[O ŏI۷KKq%i_OH>d!'7eEy~rZ.r61V̞B0SߌY2UY *N|w~+[ZrEt=1. JJx8$:Yln ȐRcӹnآJTm.cDG6q*oKmm 9Ede؏J\mG#>]у֖\wFpc!*}'풟Cn9%̆RI_[?;żn5lZ2ۣobXݩ)}$F|ޱ5sLʞDJ𝮫-() ; .3qf|ҐhS AsχA5)9B ⺒?& ei'sžÑ[|&Ir4gAR9Pӗ-LӱK&Sȏ; sS.ZtFBq%es,W87\r*&RǦړuԆK^ewJ$89b'QDbcm@3q-;:ئ-.G(F*wiu%";f %BOVN^;Re"wbq{RGvzTT_NØ/q9cLM k0K|Dku=ǷsݛxZS {V]ܑ{O ؑ<f;:k1nEDwԒ֢*e@V:t0:r5u9(4n) nIL}C&HH@ˣ(P9j*:`o6]VԶR>'KboCI1rmk $\i-$"3=\'l5Ǵc%͐Y)7"crس[p5NI qVj/)1LU@u;7ܠ]GTh&ܧHӤ9JVIOAfKsĤ2|`jlg>#Z_#Ow o}[(a9.frnRh㍺+JCW_αS%sU/A-06'mJ^vw^>Dҭ)MٮS`8XZ׳!@5=PΎ$p#˼|y^}k[[H[IR8֘D _M '# YZO:U_I2߯*\WˍI u l)ݒvOى>- TW\gb8A:2YHB[ܐXfvد8Sn6C$u~kYI 5z\ k7q.ƹ&8r9!Kbl&-*53Z4Yӌ#Ql8QDk]?Ÿ5|IrJw#jJRigj5ƚ}SR3>^kp*HEY]ܓ1e:Fԍ]ll{fX[(\ImJ9>\]V-lۨQėBGM>#JP%[ V7l=F1X\挈ᓘ0NmI)܄40`u h98_V]Z붍\+,y*Z}_{г_/4 %9yU;xZ^6K}iK=P 6O?߬~a>ˋNO-hx(^<HJ~tduNֵV:;(3c)t9YW욻{[ҖK3maiAOj $dž0*:Ժ6G}RSUڞEǽ-ץ#(;>|~T Wx+w.sZv\vaŅ>$Hw9vۢJTNy!_ʲGfb%eXl3x)D\gέQ=Z 4b|OTCW qp廿qCrxbPS%9Q@S9 /M.+ʊ#AW}<y!=26}NDHR{3fǨQF*XUф#Z R=dBHFZDO4P02Gw4u.Ll$\hwrv } O Li-ߎPĸÝAϘ(DThk KMɰSΊG\U)+xP4YIAO`J9$(zPZ-6+k͙n#ih W\!\OsfT$ F'Gag`;!r(8Ix:Lijyjjp:DԢ6y[Iz< #s;ygq6CjWcR%[=M-2Q$:<8sCʅrtƔq\u` ĪSu:zT@8뎟JñS݌%ÏԿY{JF߫8ke6<}D^-eD-,<|>UIkJ1Slo򒂐5l]-8Qʂ%98xLi)P GUB1;%iжStBisZ$`'8*Rq1)5f "8iBZSC&W;(IDHr"$qi)#SZ.ܒ=-̕BQCUC'UђQeԽ)0v,JPҩ\&zuvGbT>>MfS{Ew=w!cjl11R9=|*Uq>QuAly1K5nkϏ% JJ|0*~v/" wT.oHRB+ )tzvZ]/ۛx-' w)RNBA| g*sqŠK9ϏFdK(822ӡ~xd]4̏}<BВrOROSS&5߿St}9޵84+r"# t`Y*kV,iA%w9ǝFL]GшySSOA'~쎃3j(_K3%PKXqJ~Z.րnT+UUh)h(M% ߏ ʳuE^Cx{3х( UXPρQe7y_:N1F ^k6<[|>DCQ gHGZ&#JN4/TEP[D&B!JUgnpH䚃5DKt`8Jpzv㦤Êbu=:I=B)Hw';cE2CIJӚZEQpkma &nA(CmsY9#Z,[e;L'J᳴eI^ R*Fd7sQ8Rzvp׳[Y =W M6PNA=yTwcJNIb{U盏ɯZkfѳfZ; >6RNv'=Tq$Zؕ>RLeQԐNy) iȪW5qJ>_e}n|mx!KA(6kEܝK Kg ]9'ÏVpk'PsItsmO[ O*؜2zusuh Zϒ;|SwSmԶ 6JZC(r$mUԾrqVm'dq] fV^/{ga2T0JR9unԌ;_ҲHqݡ$9uX8ӝrJ2w1.F2F2b-u;:Z+[LJxHk5(/h}>֯f:6r2d7^\a7ةuJ㓒>LԒ8]仴|##jǥasamzk~%:ZQN|)n4ޮwKdt1lVԶpFI>5s1Ы"Dd]t)v?q͍4i$)=U=ʴˊUtzz/Z-F~H$('bv#*Y{֑̭*lv1iTƧSy 2D8TT|ZNYgÿU)!1>fw<1u[F~c)[Ba/DRwdn8*I4 mhvN|1Q> / CӞyRx@v_sZڒRxM4զ蒠eoF9*'P W$oL= }+2Ck|F(d!ovJd|+cz6l.,.ZqyIKax*O?R )i})2]TpJjŞ݆Re’Tkyy!: R9QNj,w(2[gVIz+Y,SJ`:{\H3=~߿ߣgjD9ijru=Jy*wwbU Tj[}ڍpqH&+2?-YUV9d')G;Oke ! B Z̅=*=LOGPRcg9G8Ul귩ГVy99V@MEL1zSA]>䍤/vO³_. xUŭK9Z9 dVRk]n$@] N<fϣo1d0NBBZz:U=KZT6G lHp{FjVP1R]u9Bx=rG6Zo+[pr}۳)C+|SrrGFX.wdF ^]Wp~_?kf5boA~g ǯ͡ rvVv$N.l @x)$ww!kDjKĩ) HS>>V-BYOy6Coám^Mc2*J9r~=7$J)iRjhMr`lU~9TEqCi/D}JhG嫼9 Uz p)aSn$/Ak$"BerwmV錓![N(|&α}NZs~\ gj7G==<]Ry?Jk^ &)#ЁSIcx~mܔ|]L4 MiCِޢH3Kn!Ru<(qVӺ&MQa!V)ZZ(^H 3z]cl)_ZJR6mY8D-=ąk>~(vǟLSEK|RBriO[-I2ܓ), /9<( {GT8NAv)%4谇.}e+V8*" r1CUoYżK"Tk4>nnn:N鲍Fa 2GN}9ZBo<%KW%[)U=E37bP|- 85wAn|Wʃ.;,ڞJ{gE G85Qj2g[喕9򞀸p7rƔ/v'SPWvXm)eR6ʺcr=j-o߽F|>n֝on:Iq ՘q<2a&=OZ0rtz'9*ފLYɔR&7v7G~qm%IxFJFxǥGgk\=54\{@lyfѧt7ўqDW kR{>@*ۤA6K[1VRJAYjMՈVJ,_~0p^JzzF,6cKӯ n @9Y$#? * 7U7yݎK!`m p}꭪s[N@Okrn:@$s=jM|Kq۟<$pT8#Ʃ:455PK V?z'TO.ijZ~IqG= '&?2Uڍr lܷ[츽pnrxQ[ dʪtYV|5hKh\*Sd|jCb[@ lby8H(AfVZKp- I%`(5mPobGj0r8YE2Gum 3ӗ[o1dVJ𲃂F ,=ĢKCHBK@/V0Y(6dB[oԇ=IQ?^_V!FP1$rPs:X5 L]ëX!/̀g'P!Lk츍>eC߹=x($N,+fƢˁ# 34MX~y>H2 ;$a碼zTp]\m7jtJFDKwYCC!'lzuip%p NcG!,X"x)D lr~jVt-K*[ĔQ%i#[lSN9<m[nD9qGoj {} CH6,}Y8$g~6%cmT<+-ѽ v)<ܓ+d=-eqRsx"q; XG3|vI9Imve7-ʆ.)WUmU<̀oA%qyVE ֕4YJ3Rזmn~=փQϚC8Bj RSwxW{.BTSq6H*1I5Y+[/q2_ 2m[67(vq##ca]tu>&3fyZsuf99Ɏ䘑 ꤶچ}8H?Z=GkM2Ƙ)_g+OLZ*Ѥq%ĻZ/|v$47xpȓgkr%[l5"CEJ$,VChido7};qF.c0ImTR|kcHkZ qܓuQSKcmiAxԦsDuIyW[!g X[֊/ZSnJ^I|G]DkĥmI?QSANV=9orU%4Za;Z +<~\Fx7= a'B8umvi" CJ. -ix;>:C%}CN1M{u*a˄:Z*jBzB8((TEQ^W((>7)Vӌ#Z"*ŧO_1Ҧwh궐V*& Mˈy+OBq6 oqq]ᇢ {co$?8HU%PO!IKrJ\uE%GHV)=>FjȬ5=QK-Nܠ~)CqY鵸#?>sbAX.rYTf,B@i*}II~!h2(oKU<Z u~@_Nzgƽf N?=wEe܄9ጘ#3c<dIZ^H2@.XhzJY^ \g;_Z*L^j&;9(f#b@R!l(H*lH1l ܲiLd7+@Rr|9B(LQH>u!@hwTpRB Qx9dR$sVdGz|ׁ:2~%4e)/% 9"K%ũ\Nj-:ܤ)/JO#PQQ$Re?|O҅VʭK w H֖m. e$?/xg g#V`{ /pJJ{,yn$$s3K{,5 7S8i0ʼrOq̺ޡZP5ř RZ{8#P?!TrI9&"Zٌ8"~&$9eK:v[(Ln@I-wR!PId >x f.2J6; mg~r4Bh+O*jI+y8 Lu7K_BH4K WJ¯G@c?DJWF@ykYf{59=2 |JcfLfo(WichYmԨvPЌ)b.qI0aIiRszL}qq䔳.SB*Tz>@OWi@qԡNXlaP:%#MNr[ C%j-n ֺ([yƒjJV6ZEzm4(CV:("("("("("("(+]A d;q$IT;glθmb˜\$}A)#HPʽV̊6r s+'J>UY>ëiRF9pTV>Z=]ć*v;R@#>xzj[m(a4> endobj 28 0 obj << /Length 3588 >> stream 0.153 0.153 0.153 rg 0.592 0.592 0.592 RG 0.18 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 0.702 0.800 0.816 rg 34.016 34.016 543.969 723.969 re f 1.000 1.000 1.000 rg 45.266 411.448 521.469 346.536 re f 0.773 0.773 0.773 rg 0.773 0.773 0.773 RG 45.266 411.448 m 566.734 411.448 l 565.984 412.198 l 46.016 412.198 l f 566.734 757.984 m 566.734 411.448 l 565.984 412.198 l 565.984 757.984 l f 45.266 757.984 m 45.266 411.448 l 46.016 412.198 l 46.016 757.984 l f 61.016 427.198 m 550.984 427.198 l 550.984 427.948 l 61.016 427.948 l f 0.153 0.153 0.153 rg BT 61.016 749.193 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(consequences. These actions include:)] TJ ET BT 61.016 727.404 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(1. Stop downloading or uploading without authorization any motion pictures or TV shows owned or distributed by Rights )] TJ ET BT 61.016 716.415 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(Holder; and)] TJ ET BT 61.016 705.426 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(2. Permanently delete from your computer\(s\) all unauthorized copies you may have already made of these movies and TV )] TJ ET BT 61.016 694.437 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(shows.)] TJ ET BT 61.016 683.448 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(If this notice is being received by an Internet Service Provider \(ISP\), please forward the notice to the individual associated )] TJ ET BT 61.016 672.459 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(with the activities.)] TJ ET BT 61.016 661.470 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(The unauthorized distribution or public performance of copyrighted works constitutes copyright infringement under the )] TJ ET BT 61.016 650.481 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(Copyright Act, Title 17 U.S Code Section 106\(3\)-\(4\). This conduct may also violate the Berne Convention for the )] TJ ET BT 61.016 639.492 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and The Universal Copyright Convention, as well as bilateral treaties with other )] TJ ET BT 61.016 628.503 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(countries that allow for protection of Rights Holder copyrighted works even beyond U.S borders.)] TJ ET BT 61.016 617.514 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(Below is the detail for your reference:)] TJ ET BT 61.016 606.525 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(- ------------- Infringement Details ----------------------------------)] TJ ET BT 61.016 595.536 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(Title: White House Down)] TJ ET BT 61.016 584.547 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(Timestamp: 2013-09-19T23:18:28Z)] TJ ET BT 61.016 573.558 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(IP Address: 146.232.***.**)] TJ ET BT 61.016 562.569 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(Port: *****)] TJ ET BT 61.016 551.580 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(Type: BitTorrent)] TJ ET BT 61.016 540.591 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(Torrent Hash: *************************************)] TJ ET 0.592 0.592 0.592 rg 0.592 0.592 0.592 RG 305.016 530.893 m 306.516 530.893 l 305.766 530.143 l 305.766 530.143 l f 1.000 1.000 1.000 rg 1.000 1.000 1.000 RG 305.016 528.643 m 306.516 528.643 l 305.766 529.393 l 305.766 529.393 l f 306.516 530.893 m 306.516 528.643 l 305.766 529.393 l 305.766 530.143 l f 0.592 0.592 0.592 rg 0.592 0.592 0.592 RG 305.016 530.893 m 305.016 528.643 l 305.766 529.393 l 305.766 530.143 l f 0.153 0.153 0.153 rg BT 398.416 510.852 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [([SOURCE:)] TJ ET 0.373 0.169 0.255 rg BT 446.926 510.852 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(http://mybroadband.co.za)] TJ ET 0.373 0.169 0.255 RG 0.18 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 446.926 509.701 m 548.482 509.701 l S 0.153 0.153 0.153 rg BT 548.482 510.852 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(])] TJ ET BT 61.016 490.863 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [()] TJ ET BT 61.016 470.874 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [()] TJ ET 0.400 0.400 0.400 rg BT 61.016 452.385 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(Posted in:Internet,Security,Students | Tagged:Bit Torrent,Bittorrent,Download Movies,Download Series,Seeding | With 1 )] TJ ET BT 61.016 441.396 Td /F2 9.0 Tf [(comments)] TJ ET endstream endobj 29 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /A 30 0 R /Border [0 0 0] /H /I /Rect [ 446.9263 510.0196 548.4823 519.1771 ] >> endobj 30 0 obj << /Type /Action /S /URI /URI (http://mybroadband.co.za/news/internet/93817-internet-piracy-criminal-civil-penalties-in-south-africa.html) >> endobj xref 0 31 0000000000 65535 f 0000000008 00000 n 0000000073 00000 n 0000000119 00000 n 0000000339 00000 n 0000000376 00000 n 0000000514 00000 n 0000000638 00000 n 0000007332 00000 n 0000007444 00000 n 0000007559 00000 n 0000007679 00000 n 0000007787 00000 n 0000007915 00000 n 0000008041 00000 n 0000008169 00000 n 0000008281 00000 n 0000008409 00000 n 0000008497 00000 n 0000008624 00000 n 0000008725 00000 n 0000008851 00000 n 0000008952 00000 n 0000009079 00000 n 0000009170 00000 n 0000009297 00000 n 0000009402 00000 n 0000026587 00000 n 0000026671 00000 n 0000030312 00000 n 0000030440 00000 n trailer << /Size 31 /Root 1 0 R /Info 5 0 R >> startxref 30598 %%EOF Internet « Informasietegnologie
Language:
SEARCH

  • Recent Posts

  • Categories

  • Archives

Internet

« Older Entries
Newer Entries »

From tarred hemp and Indian rubber to optical fibre

Friday, November 20th, 2015

The internet began to emerge in the late 1980s and early 90s. However, the infrastructure supporting it has been around since 1839.

Today most of our Internet traffic is carried via submarine cable systems from Europe and the United States.

A submarine communications cable is a laid on the seabed between land-based stations to carry telecommunication signals across stretches of ocean. Before internet, however, submarine cables were used for other types of communications, for example telephones and telegraph.

After the introduction of the telegraph in 1839, establishing a submarine line across the Atlantic Ocean became the next challenge. Samuel Morse accepted this challenge and in 1842 he succeeded in sending a telegraph through a wire insulated with tarred hemp and Indian rubber, which was submerged in the water of New York Harbour.

Laying-undersea-cable-Cape-Town
Laying an undersea cable in Cape Town (Photo credit: Telkom)

The first submarine cable system in South Africa was launched in on 27 December 1879 and for the first time we were directly connected to Europe. This was done via Durban and Zanzibar to Aden with the East Coast cable of the South African Telegraph Company.

Today’s cables use optical fibre technology to carry digital data, which includes telephone, Internet and private data traffic.

“Modern cables are typically about 25 millimetres in diameter and weigh around 1.4 kilograms per metre for the deep-sea sections which comprise the majority of the run, although larger and heavier cables are used for shallow-water sections near shore.” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable)

Over the past 15 years four submarine cable systems have been installed in South Africa for telecommunication – SAT-3/WACS, Seacom, WACS, and EASSy.

The most recent addition was made in May 2012 with the West Africa Cable System (WACS). The 17 200 km fibre optic submarine cable starts at Yzerfontein on the west coast and ends in the United Kingdom. (More about the WACS launch)

[SOURCES: www.mybroadband.co.za & https://en.wikipedia.org]

Email

Tags: ,
Posted in Connectivity, General, Internet | Comments Off on From tarred hemp and Indian rubber to optical fibre

Facebook: the grass isn’t greener

Friday, November 6th, 2015

In the 80s, if you wanted to see your neighbours shiny new BMW, you had to pretend you were trimming the lavender hedge. Now evidence of his latest acquisition is for all to see on his Facebook wall.

You watched in envy as the youngest Petersen from across the road, carried beach umbrellas and beach bats to their car in preparation for their Natal South Coast holiday.

We still envy others. The scope is just considerable larger thanks to social media like Facebook. Sure, thirty years ago you knew what your neighbours were up to. But now you also know about your long lost cousin in Australia’s diving expedition on the Great Barrier Reef or your school friend’s apparently successful business – the same friend you haven’t seen in 20 years.

In 2013 Ethan Kross, a psychologist from the University of Michigan did research on a group of students and came to the conclusion that using Facebook made them alone and sad. Kross and his colleagues studied their subjects over two weeks and frequently asked them questions to establish their mental state. (Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-being in young adults: Kross E, Verduyn P, Demiralp E, Park J, Lee DS, Lin N, et.al (2013))

Does this mean social media is inherently bad for us? Not entirely, but we need to be attentive as to how we use it and its effect on our lives.

As early as 1998 Robert Kraut, a researcher at Carnegie Mellon University found that subjects became progressively more depressed and isolated when they spent more time on the internet. The cause for our addiction to social media lies in our innate social make-up. We want to make connections with other people, but inevitably we also end up compare our lives to theirs.

Sharing information activates the part of our brain associated with reward processing. Sharing with others is a normal, acceptable, social action, passively being exposed to a large amount of information about those we are connected to on social media, and would normally not even be aware of, is not. What we don’t realise is that this information has been carefully selected and posted to present the best possible image. It’s not a realistic representation of someone’s life.

According to Mai-Ly Steers’ article “Seeing Everyone Else’s Highlight Reels: How Facebook Usage is Linked to Depressive Symptoms”, published in the Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, social comparison is nothing new. Social media’s arrival just intensified the phenomenon.

“It doesn’t mean Facebook causes depression, but that depressed feelings and lots of time on Facebook and comparing oneself to others tend to go hand in hand”, says Steers.

[SOURCES: www.livescience.com; www.sciencedaily.com; www.newyorker.com; http://blogs.plogs.org]

 

 

Email

Posted in General, Internet | Comments Off on Facebook: the grass isn’t greener

ONTAPtv.com launches in South Africa

Wednesday, September 23rd, 2015

ontaptvLast month we reported on the future of television and looked at the main role players on the VOD (video on demand) field – Naspers’ Showmax, VIDI and FrontRow.

Barely a month later, last Wednesday, a new contender, ONTAPtv.com, was announced. And with packages starting at R39-00 it will be an attractive choice if you need to keep your budget in check.

Standard packages include a family package with family friendly content, one for just TV series, one for the movie buffs, a package for over 16s and a Mega Pack, which includes all these options. Package are R69-00 per month, but you can also subscribe to two per month at a cost of R79-00 or opt for the Mega Pack at a monthly fee of R89-00.

Apart from the local content, ONTAPtv provides the opportunity to watch specific African content at R39-00, Chinese television (nowTV) at R88-00 and FightSports at R69-00 per month.

Alternatively, if you don’t feel like committing just yet, you can just download movies at R15-00 (old movies) and R25-00 (new releases). Just like ShowMax you don’t have to sign your name away immediately – ONTAPtv does provide a trial period to ensure you are happy with your selection.

What makes ONTAPtv different from other VOD choices, is the option to download your chosen content instead of watching it online. Series and movies are also available in lower resolution to save bandwidth.

ONTAPtv.com is accessible via the service’s web platform and is currently compatible with PC, Mac, iOS- and Android devices. The platform was built with Firefox, Internet Explorer and Safari in mind. At the moment it does not support on Google Chrome, but this might change in the future.

[SOURCES: www.memeburn.com]

 

Email

Tags: , ,
Posted in General, Internet | Comments Off on ONTAPtv.com launches in South Africa

The future of television

Friday, August 21st, 2015

On 5 January 1976 South Africans sat with bated breath in front of newly acquired television sets to bear witness to the first ever television broadcast. A lot has changed since then, including the addition of subscription services like DSTV.

Between 1976 and 1978 no ads were broadcasted and after years of using ad breaks to make coffee, we’re back to ad-free viewing with innovations like PVR and more recently VOD.

Video on demand (VOD) perfectly satisfies our demand for instant entertainment and series binge-watching. Up to last year the choices for VOD have been slim.

DSTV’s Box office online, a movie rental service for DSTV subscribers, was the first contender for a VOD audience. Soon others followed suit – Altech with Node, MTN with Frontrow and Times Media Group’s VIDI. When American entertainment provider Netflix announced they would be expanding their service to South Africa by the end of 2016, the race was on.

The biggest game changer occurred this past Wednesday when Naspers announced their entry with Showmax.

SHOWMAX

According to sources Showmax promises to be “…the new M-Net but for the internet age.” Two subscriptions are available – a premium and free option. The premium service will cost R99-00 per month and will include a host of popular series, as well as a combination of blockbusters and older movies.  Old South African series like Egoli, Binnelanders and Agter elke man are also listed on their menu. Whether this is a move towards a target audience or merely saving money in acquiring local productions, remains to be seen.

All you need to use Showmax is a minimum internet speed of 1MB and an internet browser. If you are unsure whether Showmax is for you, a 7 day trial period is available to test the water with first.

[SOURCE: www.mybroadband.co.za,  www.iafrica.com]

vidiVIDI 

Times Media Group launched VIDI in September last year and until Wednesday, they’ve been the biggest competition for Netflix locally.

A monthly subscription goes for R149-00 with unlimited viewing including a wide selection of movies and series. (Apparently more than 1000 worth’s viewing) Movies alone can also be rented at R27-00 for new and R15-00 for older releases.

Once again, a line with a minimum internet speed of 1MB is a prerequisite. Just remember that, if you prefer watching your sport and movies in HD on a big screen, 2 – 4 MB connections are a necessity.

The biggest advantage of VIDI, and all available VOD services, is the choice to watch movies or series whenever you want to, uninterrupted or not. If you can’t finish a movie, pause, stop or bookmark it and it will be added to your to-watch list.

Content can be watched on multiple platforms, including PC, Mac, laptop, Apple and Android tablets and smartphones. VIDI also adapts the quality of files according to your platform and bandwidth, so you should be saved from the frustration of buffering images.

[SOURCES: www.htxt.co.za, www.bizcommunity.co.za, www.sabc.co.za, www.tvsa.co.za and www.mybroadband.co.za]

FRONTROW

MTN initiative, Frontrow, was launched last year in September – a week after VIDI. Marketing has been extremely low-key and the main criticism is the limited viewing options. As should be expected from a cell phone provider, they focus on handheld devices. MTN does offer a package which includes mobile data.

But don’t take our word for it, rather read mybroadband’s review of Frontrow.

Currently VOD can’t compete with traditional broadcasting channels. DSTV alone accumulated up to five million subscribers over the past 5 years. Sport still remains the biggest drawing card – something which no VOD service caters for so far. However, television as we know it will have to adapt to keep up with technology.

I you are considering the VOD route for your home entertainment, read what the experts say about the current internet VOD options, the possible arrival of Netflix in 2016 and how they compare:

ShowMax, Netflix and SA’s disrupted TV future
Netflix could be game-changer in SA
Netflix vs FrontRow vs Vidi vs Node in South Africa

Email

Posted in Communication, General, Internet | 3 Comments »

Think you’re safe online?

Friday, June 12th, 2015

Memeburn, a website specialising in tech news and analysis recently reported on the state of cyber security in South Africa. (Read the article here)

According to the article, it was announced during the 2015 Security Summit in Johannesburg that over the previous six month, South Africa was the most popular target in Africa for criminal cyber attacks. DDOS attacks in Africa also increased 150% over the past 18 months.

Antonio Forzieri, an executive at Symantec, stated that one out of 214 e-mail sent in South Africa last year, was a spear phishing attempt.

South Africans are losing R2.2 billion per year to cybercrime. Statistics like these emphasise the importance of being informed and careful with personal information.

Online sales are on the increase and providesan additional platform for cybercrime.

onedollarKaspersky Lab, a company renowned for their expertise in security, launched a new project which, in a very visual, simple and interactive way, demonstrates the danger of cyber threats.

The one dollar lesson is an animated website which shows what happens to your money when you shop online and your information is intercepted.

One dollar lesson also hosts three training modules – each of which shows one dollar’s virtual trip to the bank and the possible obstacles it can encounter along the way.

Don’t assume you know everything there is to know about cyber safety. Stay up to date on new cyber threats and be careful with your personal information.

Email

Tags:
Posted in General, Internet, Security | Comments Off on Think you’re safe online?

« Older Entries
Newer Entries »
 

© 2013-2025 Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this page are strictly those of the page author(s) and content contributor(s). The contents of this page have not been reviewed or approved by Stellenbosch University.