%PDF-1.3 1 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Outlines 2 0 R /Pages 3 0 R >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Outlines /Count 0 >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Kids [6 0 R 37 0 R ] /Count 2 /Resources << /ProcSet 4 0 R /Font << /F1 8 0 R /F2 9 0 R /F3 10 0 R /F4 11 0 R >> /XObject << /I1 36 0 R >> >> /MediaBox [0.000 0.000 612.000 792.000] >> endobj 4 0 obj [/PDF /Text /ImageC ] endobj 5 0 obj << /Creator (DOMPDF) /CreationDate (D:20240513114155+00'00') /ModDate (D:20240513114155+00'00') /Title (IT-artikels) >> endobj 6 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 3 0 R /Annots [ 12 0 R 14 0 R 16 0 R 18 0 R 20 0 R 22 0 R 24 0 R 26 0 R 28 0 R 30 0 R 32 0 R 34 0 R ] /Contents 7 0 R >> endobj 7 0 obj << /Length 7003 >> stream 0.702 0.800 0.816 rg 34.016 34.016 543.969 723.969 re f 1.000 1.000 1.000 rg 45.266 72.709 521.469 674.025 re f 0.773 0.773 0.773 rg 0.773 0.773 0.773 RG 45.266 746.734 m 566.734 746.734 l 565.984 745.984 l 46.016 745.984 l f 566.734 746.734 m 566.734 72.709 l 565.984 72.709 l 565.984 745.984 l f 45.266 746.734 m 45.266 72.709 l 46.016 72.709 l 46.016 745.984 l f 61.016 617.359 m 550.984 617.359 l 550.984 618.109 l 61.016 618.109 l f 1.000 1.000 1.000 rg BT 278.868 698.693 Td /F1 10.5 Tf [(POST LIST)] TJ ET 0.200 0.200 0.200 rg BT 212.789 670.111 Td /F1 14.4 Tf [(INFORMASIETEGNOLOGIE)] TJ ET BT 221.824 643.466 Td /F1 11.7 Tf [(INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY)] TJ ET BT 61.016 583.841 Td /F1 14.4 Tf [(ALTERNATIVE FACTS, FAKE NEWS OR LIES?)] TJ ET 0.400 0.400 0.400 rg BT 61.016 564.033 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(If there's one thing the US election taught us, it's that "alternative facts" exist and any news which puts Trump in a )] TJ ET BT 61.016 553.044 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(negative light is, apparently, "fake news". Fake news does exist, but it's not what Trump wants it to be.)] TJ ET 0.467 0.467 0.467 rg BT 91.016 524.055 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [("Fake news, or hoax news, refers to false information or propaganda published under the guise of )] TJ ET BT 91.016 513.066 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(being authentic news. Fake newswebsites and channels push their fake news content in an )] TJ ET BT 91.016 502.077 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(attempt to mislead consumers of the content and spread misinformation via social networks.")] TJ ET BT 492.884 502.077 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [( \()] TJ ET 0.373 0.169 0.255 rg BT 91.016 491.088 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/F/fake-news.html)] TJ ET 0.373 0.169 0.255 RG 0.18 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 91.016 489.937 m 297.575 489.937 l S 0.467 0.467 0.467 rg BT 297.575 491.088 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(\))] TJ ET 0.400 0.400 0.400 rg BT 61.016 463.599 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(During the US election, it became clear that most of the fake news generated, including sites that improved Donald )] TJ ET BT 61.016 452.610 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(Trump's chances as a candidate, originatedfrom outside the United States. )] TJ ET 0.373 0.169 0.255 rg BT 363.380 452.610 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(In Macedonia, one teenager started a )] TJ ET 0.18 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 363.380 451.459 m 515.471 451.459 l S BT 61.016 441.621 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(lucrative business spreading the pro-Trump fake news)] TJ ET 0.18 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 61.016 440.470 m 277.097 440.470 l S 0.400 0.400 0.400 rg BT 277.097 441.621 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(. Whether this played any role in Trump's presidential win, we'll )] TJ ET BT 61.016 430.632 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(never know. Speaking of Trump - Did you hear he signed )] TJ ET 0.373 0.169 0.255 rg BT 291.119 430.632 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(a visa-free travel policy for South Africa)] TJ ET 0.18 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 291.119 429.481 m 447.674 429.481 l S 0.400 0.400 0.400 rg BT 447.674 430.632 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(? Not true! Fake news! )] TJ ET BT 61.016 419.643 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(Sad! Even in South Africa, it was suggested that the ANC used fake news to try and influence the local elections.)] TJ ET BT 61.016 399.654 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(It's easy to get swept up when you read something upsetting or ludicrous and of course, your first instinct is "I have to tell )] TJ ET BT 61.016 388.665 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(someone!" So you share it on Twitter, you send it via e-mail and you post it on Facebook and you feel like you are )] TJ ET BT 61.016 377.676 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(involved in spreading the news. And sosomething that's not true spreadslike wildfire and fake news peddlers arelaughing )] TJ ET BT 61.016 366.687 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(all the way to the bank.)] TJ ET BT 61.016 346.698 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(The increase of fake news means that we have to be more careful and even suspiciousof what we read on the internet. If )] TJ ET BT 61.016 335.709 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(it looks like a news website, it doesn't mean it is. On the contrary, it's remarkably easy to create fake websites. There are )] TJ ET BT 61.016 324.720 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(ways to spot fake news, butit will require you to be more vigilant and above all, read more critically. Local \(real\) news )] TJ ET BT 61.016 313.731 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(website )] TJ ET 0.373 0.169 0.255 rg BT 94.028 313.731 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(EWN)] TJ ET 0.18 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 94.028 312.580 m 115.025 312.580 l S 0.400 0.400 0.400 rg BT 115.025 313.731 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [( lists a few tips to help you to distinguish between the real and the ridiculous. Mybroadbandgoes into even )] TJ ET BT 61.016 302.742 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(more detail with their article ")] TJ ET 0.373 0.169 0.255 rg BT 176.243 302.742 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(How to stop falling for fake news on Facebook)] TJ ET 0.18 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 176.243 301.591 m 360.329 301.591 l S 0.400 0.400 0.400 rg BT 360.329 302.742 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(.")] TJ ET BT 61.016 282.753 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(Fake news characteristics are easily recognisable if you take thetime to read the article before sharing it. By reading, you )] TJ ET BT 61.016 271.764 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(will notice details which don't fit. If a headline sounds sensationalistic, it's probably a fake article attempting to lure you into )] TJ ET BT 61.016 260.775 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(clicking. Remember Google is your friend and can indicate whether the same news is shared bylegitimate news sources )] TJ ET BT 61.016 249.786 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(or if this is the only one. It will also show if the article is an old one recycled to generate new clicks.)] TJ ET BT 61.016 229.797 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(Avoid getting trapped in an echo chamber. We prefer to only read information and opinions we agree with and inevitably )] TJ ET BT 61.016 218.808 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(search engines only suggest similar articles with similar views. Try to read a bit wider - even articles covering topics that )] TJ ET BT 61.016 207.819 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(don't necessarilyinterest you or you don't agree with. Challenge your own viewpoints.)] TJ ET BT 61.016 187.830 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [()] TJ ET BT 61.016 167.841 Td /F4 9.0 Tf [(More articles on fake news:)] TJ ET 0.373 0.169 0.255 rg BT 61.016 147.852 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(We cant talk about fake news if we cant agree what it means)] TJ ET 0.18 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 61.016 146.701 m 310.622 146.701 l S BT 61.016 136.863 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(Google and Facebook partner for anti-fake news drive during French election)] TJ ET 0.18 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 61.016 135.712 m 367.655 135.712 l S BT 61.016 125.874 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(Fake news website)] TJ ET 0.18 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 61.016 124.723 m 137.543 124.723 l S 0.400 0.400 0.400 rg BT 137.543 125.874 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(\(Wikipedia\))] TJ ET 0.373 0.169 0.255 rg BT 61.016 114.885 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(List of fake news websites)] TJ ET 0.18 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 61.016 113.734 m 165.560 113.734 l S BT 61.016 103.896 Td /F3 9.0 Tf [(List of satirical websites)] TJ ET 0.18 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 61.016 102.745 m 155.543 102.745 l S 0.400 0.400 0.400 rg BT 61.016 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Alternative facts, fake news or lies?

If there’s one thing the US election taught us, it’s that “alternative facts” exist and any news which puts Trump in a negative light is, apparently, “fake news”. Fake news does exist, but it’s not what Trump wants it to be.

“Fake news, or hoax news, refers to false information or propaganda published under the guise of being authentic news. Fake news websites and channels push their fake news content in an attempt to mislead consumers of the content and spread misinformation via social networks.” (http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/F/fake-news.html)

During the US election, it became clear that most of the fake news generated, including sites that improved Donald Trump’s chances as a candidate, originated from outside the United States. In Macedonia, one teenager started a lucrative business spreading the pro-Trump fake news. Whether this played any role in Trump’s presidential win, we’ll never know. Speaking of Trump – Did you hear he signed a visa-free travel policy for South Africa? Not true! Fake news! Sad! Even in South Africa, it was suggested that the ANC used fake news to try and influence the local elections. 

It’s easy to get swept up when you read something upsetting or ludicrous and of course, your first instinct is “I have to tell someone!” So you share it on Twitter, you send it via e-mail and you post it on Facebook and you feel like you are involved in spreading the news. And so something that’s not true spreads like wildfire and fake news peddlers are laughing all the way to the bank.

The increase of fake news means that we have to be more careful and even suspicious of what we read on the internet. If it looks like a news website, it doesn’t mean it is. On the contrary, it’s remarkably easy to create fake websites. There are ways to spot fake news, but it will require you to be more vigilant and above all, read more critically. Local (real) news website EWN lists a few tips to help you to distinguish between the real and the ridiculous. Mybroadband goes into even more detail with their article “How to stop falling for fake news on Facebook.”

Fake news characteristics are easily recognisable if you take the time to read the article before sharing it. By reading, you will notice details which don’t fit. If a headline sounds sensationalistic, it’s probably a fake article attempting to lure you into clicking.  Remember Google is your friend and can indicate whether the same news is shared by legitimate news sources or if this is the only one. It will also show if the article is an old one recycled to generate new clicks.

Avoid getting trapped in an echo chamber. We prefer to only read information and opinions we agree with and inevitably search engines only suggest similar articles with similar views. Try to read a bit wider – even articles covering topics that don’t necessarily interest you or you don’t agree with. Challenge your own viewpoints. 

 

More articles on fake news: 

We can’t talk about ‘fake news’ if we can’t agree what it means
Google and Facebook partner for anti-fake news drive during French election
Fake news website (Wikipedia)
List of fake news websites
List of satirical websites

 

[SOURCES: http://ewn.co.za; https://mybroadband.co.za/]

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